What is Hyperglycemia?

Hyperglycemia is a condition in which high glucose levels are seen in the bloodstream. It occurs when a body cannot produce enough insulin, which is also known as type 1 diabetes, or when the body cannot process insulin to produce insulin, as in type 2 diabetes.

Insulin plays an important role as it takes glucose from a blood stream into the body and provides the body with energy.In hyperglycemia, the body is unable to produce or make insulin. Due to this, glucose is collected in the bloodstream instead of being absorbed by the cell.

If hyperglycemia is not taken care of on time, it can have serious complications that affect other body parts, such as kidney damage, cardiovascular problems, and vision impairment. When your blood sugar level is abnormally high, above 130–180 mg/dL after not eating or drinking for at least 8 hours.

Causes of hyperglycemia                                                                                    

It can be caused due to a variety of factors

Lack of insulin:

When the pancreas are not producing enough, insulin. Causing glucose to get stored in the blood stream leading to high blood sugar level.

⁠ Insulin resistance:

When the body is not responding to the insulin produced, it becomes resistant to it. Even though the production of insulin is normal, the body doesn’t properly utilize it, causing high blood sugar levels.

⁠ Dietary factors:

Sometimes the available insulin cannot handle a large amount of carbohydrate intake, leading to high to high blood sugar levels.

Excessive glucose production:

The liver has an important role in controlling sugar level in the blood by releasing stored glucose. In type 1 and type 2 diabetes liver’s insulin production capability is weak, leading to insulin production when it’s not needed, elevating the glucose levels.

Less physical activities:

And inactive lifestyle can lead to insulin resistance and contribute to hyperglycemia physical activities, regulate blood sugar levels by increasing insulin sensitivity.

Stress:

Any kind of stress can raise blood sugar levels through the release of stress hormones, like cortisol and adrenaline.

Hyperglycemia symptoms 

There are some other ignored factors that cause hyperglycaemi

Medication:

Can increase the level of sugar blood as a side-effect. Some examples of these medications are certain antidepressant, corticosteroids, anti psychotic, drugs, inhaler, and certain antibiotics.

⁠ Pancreatic disorder:

Pancreas is unable to produce insulin that helps utilise glucose. Certain reasons that can cause this are pancreatitis when there is high inflammation in the pancreas due to which insulin producing cells are damage. Pancreatic cancer can cause destruction in secretion of insulin by attacking the cells, it is produced by.

Hormonal disorder:

Cushing’s syndrome, PCOS, excressive production growth, hormone or hyperthyroidism can also interfere with insulin and elevate blood sugar level.

Liver disorder:

There is destruction in liver’s ability to regulate the production of glucose resulting in high levels of glucose in the blood.

⁠ Infection:

Particularly several types of infection can cause stress on the body, leading to high or increase sugar levels as a part of body’s response to infection.

⁠ Genetic factors:

Rarely some genetic conditions such as majority onset diabetes of the young(MODY) rare genetic disorder typically found before 25 that is a mutation in specific genes in the pancreas leading to damage insulin creation or new natal diabetes a rare form of diabetes that occur in infants.

Some other hyperglycemia Symptoms

Certain hyperglycemia symptoms are high blood, sugar or hyperglycemia that can be seen in early stages. Let’s know more about them

1. Unexpected weight loss:

Despite increased hunger, many people experience Weight loss. When the potty starts breaking down muscle and Energy is stored in fat when glucose cannot enter the cells properly.

⁠ 2. Blur version:

The level of high sugar can cause changes in the lenses of the eye leading to blurred vision. The fluid present in eyes is influenced by osmotic changes. Gradually, blurry vision might worsen over time if hyperglycemia is not controlled.

⁠ 3. Increased thirst (polydipsia):

Earliest sign is excessive thirst when the blood sugar levels are high, kidney eliminates excess glucose through urine. Increased urination can into dehydration to comb the dehydration. The body triggers thirst as a signal to drink more water.

⁠ 4. Frequent urination (polyuria):

High levels of glucose in the blood stream can can overwhelm the ability of the kidneys to absorb the glucose resulting in frequent urination. The urine rose glucose out of the body, leading to increased urination in individual with hyperglycemia.

⁠ 5. Increase hunger (polyphagia):

Even if there is high sugar level the body is not receiving enough amount glucose for energy production due insulin deficiency. Triggering a hunger response shortly after eating as an attempt to compensate the lack of energy.

6. Fatigue

Glucose is not utilised by cells, one mind, experience, experience, fatigue, weakness, and lethargy. This occurs because cells rely on glucose as a source of energy. When glucose cannot enter cells, properly, energy production is compromise.

 Types of hyperglycemia

It can be categorised into different types based on the various factors, such causes the duration and severity. Some common types are:

1. Transient hyperglycemia:

This type of hypoglycaemia refers to temporary elevation in blood sugar levels that that happen in response to specific trigger, stress, illness, anger, or certain medication. The blood sugar level remains normal, but the underlying cause is addressed or resolved.

2. Fasting hyperglycemia:

Blood level is elevated after fasting for a period of time, typically, 8 hours at least. This this hyperglycemia type is often associated with IG impaired fasting glucose or IGT impaired glucose tolerance. It is an early sign of pre-diabetes or diabetes.

3. ⁠Postprandial hyperglycemia:

Refers to higher blood sugar levels that half after meals, the body difficulty in regulating sugar levels effectively after consumption of carbohydrates, leading to spike in glucose after eating high carb food.

4. ⁠Hyperodmolar hyperglycemic states (HHS):

It is a severe life, threatening complication with with extremely high blood sugar levels, typically above 600mg/dL and dehydration. It commonly occurs with type two diabetes and is more triggered by factors like infection, illness or medication

5.⁠ Reactive hyperglycemia:

Also known as the dawn effect or dawn phenomenon, when the sugar level rises early in the in the morning, usually between 2 AM and 8 AM. When the hormonal changes occur during sleep,. The body goes through various hormonal shifts, including an increase in the production of cortisol and growth hormone. This regulates the metabolism and produces glucose.

Management of hyperglycemia

By managing hyperglycemia includes lifestyle modification. Here are some ways you can effectively manage.

1. Healthy eating:

Hiet plan with variety of fruit, vegetables, whole day in lean body and a healthy fats. Limiting the consumption of sugar foods, beverages, refined oil in high fat foods. Monitoring your portion size and carbohydrate and take evenly throughout the day..

2. Physical activity:

Exercise, jogging, cycling, swimming, at least for 30 minutes, birthday exercise helps in Improving insulin sensitivity allow cell show more effectively utilise glucose for energy.

3. Prescribed medication.

This may include insulin injections, oral antidiabetic medication, or other medication. Di regulate blood sugar levels.

4.⁠ Monitor:

Monitoring of your blood sugar of your sugar using glucometer. Keep track of your readings throughout the day, including the fasting levels, premis and post mail. This can help health care provider to provide you with an appropriate treatment.

⁠ 5. Stress:

Managing of stress by practising deep breathing medication, Yoga, tai-chi to help lower your stress levels. Stress can raise blood sugar by triggering release of stress hormone, like water, soul, and adrenaline

5. ⁠ Hydration:

Drinking plenty of water throughout the day, avoiding any kind of sugary beverages or excessive caffeine. These tend to fluctuate the sugar levels, dehydration can be a major issue, and drinking a liter or more water, depending on your needs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, adopting a whole approach that includes regular physical activities, medication, blood sugar, monitoring, stress management, hydration, and a regular healthcare check-up can help you effectively control your hyperglycemia and reduce the long-term complications associated with it.

 

Written By:- Amisha